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• Separation of a dye mixture using chromatography ap chemistry review questions answers. The components separate because some have more ability to stay adsorbed in the solid phase and less ability to solubilize in the liquid phase than the others. 3 Analysis of Alum -% water in a hydrate: #4 Vonderbrink May 25, 2021 · Measure 1. That would be nice. different coloured inks that have been mixed to make black ink) and different adhesion to the supporting medium - usually paper. Sunita Bhagiya, 2022-02-16 1. Practise Questions on Column Chromatography. They have the capability to inspire, provoke, and ignite change. Find the average Rf for each pure dye, using the Rf s you determined from chromatograms 1 and 2. Atoms And Big Idea 2 Lab Review Problems Key. 8. 40 Distance Diagram showing the distillation of a mixture of salt and water. All Rights Resp/ecu. Exactly 1 cm below the pencil line. 7 torr x (1 atm/760 torr) = 0. 775 atm (ethene's vapor pressure) Jan 15, 2015 · Answer. 4, Blue No. 1, and Yellow No. The properties of three hydrocarbons are summarized below. Use just enough solvent so that it will wet the bottom edge of the cylinder Chemistry questions and answers; Chromatography Purpose: Separation of mixtures using paper chromatography. Q-1: In column chromatography, the mobile phase is _____ and the stationary phase is _____. Using a clean toothpick, spot the chromatography strip by placing a toothpick into the. Hey your. The stationary phase remains fixed in place while the mobile phase carries the Sep 20, 2022 · Evaporation. 8 cm/5. Of A Dye Mixture Using Chromatography sanctuary that delivers on both content and user experience is akin to discovering a hidden gem. 7661 Separation of a Dye Mixture Using Chromatography AP* Chemistry Big Idea 2, Investigation #5 An Advanced Inquiry Lab Introduction The entire palette of artificial food colors is derived from just seven dyes certified by the FDA for use in food, drugs, and cosmetics. The stationary phase acts as a constraint on many of the components in a mixture AP Chemistry Inquiry Lab 6 Separation of Food Color Dye Mixture Using Paper Chromatography The entire palette of artificial food colors is derived from just seven dyes certified by the Food & Drug Administration (FDA) for use in food, drugs, and cosmetics (FD&C). Explain your picture using the following terms: stationary phase, mobile phase, and intermolecular forces. Paper Chromatography may be used to separate substances in a mixture. 2mm thick layer (thin layer) of an adsorbent. The student prepares the chromatography chambers shown above on the left by putting a drop of each dye at the indicated position on the chromatography paper The purpose of this laboratory is to investigate the factors that influence the separation of food dyes using paper chromatography. Is Matter Around us Pure , 3. Place your forefinger of the top end of the tube to retain a small column of sample (3 to 4 mm 26. the leaf extract must not be immersed from the solvent. While the samples are drying, measure out three 20mL samples of the 0. Chemistry questions and answers. how do you prepare chromatography tube? 9 volumes of petroleum ether and 1 volume acetone. dye mixture solution and then touching the tip of the toothpick gently onto the. AP7661 Publication No. In 1906, the Russian botanist Mikhail Tsvett separated color pigments present in leaves by allowing a solution of Answers To Separation Of A Dye Mixture Using Chromatography answers-to-separation-of-a-dye-mixture-using-chromatography 2 Downloaded from preview. APCHEMISTRY L ABORATORY Separation of a Dye Mixture Using Chromatography PRE-LAB QUESTIONS Answer the following questions in your lab book BEFORE proceeding with lab work. The student has samples of three pure dyes, labeled A, B, and C, and an unknown sample that contains one of the three dyes. The paper acts as an adsorbent, a solid which is capable of attracting and binding the components in a mixture (see Figure 1). Mein and a few buddies of mine decided toward brave AP Chemistry this year, anzunehmen that when we returned to school for are junior year, the whole corona situation would be pass. We found the identity of an unknown cations by comparing the Rf ratio of known cations (Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+) to the Rf values of unknown cations by the bands they made on Chromatography Paper. Find other quizzes for Chemistry and more on Quizizz for free! Ref 2% Happyl chromatographs in this Uwe row for each calculation answer per dye We Yol Dye low How un Varie w Lab 6 - AP Lab 5: Separation of a Dye Mixture using Paper Chromatography 3. Other inks have a nonpolar organic solvent. 8cm/5. b) Gradient Elution. Water-soluble pens and “washable” children’s marker have a water solvent. Hydrocarbons are nonpolar compounds containing carbon and hydrogen atoms. Using Rf values to identify components This video discusses the concept of using molarity as a conversion factor, how to correctly create a solution, using the dilution formula, separation of mixt AP Chemistry 4. Calculate the Rf for each component of the known mixtures and each component of your three unknowns. In this open version, students will explore the chromatography or pure food dyes, as well as the separation of a dye mixture using aqueous solutions of either sodium chloride or 2-propanol, as the eluent. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the mobile phase?, What is the stationary phase?, How does molecular structure and size relate to the separation of molecules in paper chromatography? and more. A pencil line is drawn on chromatography paper and spots • AP7661, Separation of a Dye Mixture Using Chromatography (Investigation 5) • AP7664, Qualitative Analysis and Chemical Bonding (Investigation 6) Big Idea 3—Chemical Reactions Changes in matter involve the rearrangement and/or reorganization of atoms and/or the transfer of electrons. If you would give us an answer. A student carries out an investigation on different plant extracts using paper chromatography. Multiple Choice. Answer: (b) Paper Chromatography is a separatory technique that is used to separate complex mixtures. 2013-03-14 Science tends to generalize, and generaliza tions mean simplifications . to kindle emotions, provoke contemplation, and ignite transformative change is truly awe-inspiring. We inject the sample into the mobile phase where its components partition between the mobile phase and the stationary phase. 12 cm. 5 cm from the bottom. The adsorbent can be silica gel or alumina. If you could provide a thorough explanation, so that we can get adenine better understanding of what exactly is going on, that would be very greatly appreciated. com, Answers To Separation Of A Dye Mixture Using Chromatography PDF eBook download haven that beckons readers into a world of literary wonders. 7661 Separation of a Dye Mixture Using Chromatography AP* Chemistry Big Idea 2, Investigation 5 An Advanced Inquiry Lab Introduction The entire palette of artificial food colors is derived from just seven dyes certified by the FDA for use in food, drugs, and cosmetics. 3: Generic chromatography sequence for compound X: a) Adsorption, b) Exposure to a mobile phase, c) Sample X breaks its attachment to the stationary phase, d) Movement with the mobile phase, e) Reattachment to the stationary phase. Experiment Overview The purpose of this advanced inquiry lab is to investigate the factors that influence the separation of food dyes using paper chromatography. Separating and Identifying FD&C Dyes Using Paper Chromatography. Simple distillation can be used to separate the products of fermentation, such as alcohol and water; However, more effective separation is to use fractional distillation where the liquids are closer to boiling point and a higher degree of purity is required; Fractional distillation Figure 2. The experimental set-up he uses is shown below. Apr 16, 2024 · Chromatography. 6cm=. org on 2021-11-25 by guest more. Nov 26, 2023 · Chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures. The method drives off the liquid components from the solid components. Use a toothpick to apply the dye mixture. ª. 047 atm (water's vapor pressure) = 0. g. 7. A chemist is separating a mixture of two substances, X and Y, using column chromatography. were artificially colored. Liquid Chromatography Chemistry Questions with Solutions. Solid, solid; Liquid, solid; Solid, liquid; Liquid, solid Feb 21, 2021 · The 3 different solvent systems are 1) laboratory water, 2) an aqueous solution of 0. In this experiment, a mixture of fluorescein and methylene blue will be separated. 1. a. A is more polar because the rate of flow is larger and has higher polarity than B. 9 Separation of Solution & Mixtures Chromatography for the College Board AP Chemistry syllabus, written by the Chemistry experts at Save My Exams. Includes access to exclusive Flinn PREP ™ digital content to combine the benefits of classroom May 21, 2016 · Procedures Pre-Lab Preparation BACKGROUND 1. 50 3. Obtain a mixture of the dyes to be analyzed: Red No. The process typically involves heating the mixture until no more liquid remains. The chemist loads the mixture onto a column filled with silica gel (a polar material) and then flows a nonpolar solvent through the column. Of course, details Answers To Separation Of A Dye Mixture Using Chromatography Answers To Separation Of A Dye Mixture Using Chromatography Book Review: Unveiling the Power of Words In a world driven by information and connectivity, the ability of words has be evident than ever. Then, we can find the vapor pressure of the ethene by subtracting that number from the total vapor pressure of the gas produced: 0. Combination of 10 mL of Red No. 38 cm and the mobile phase traveled 4. mixture. org on 2020-12-23 by guest includes the following material to you do the very best job possible on the big test: Gravimetrics Electronic structure of atoms Covalent bonding and ionic bonding Acids and bases Reduction and oxidation Organice chemistry and nuclear Explanation: Thin layer chromatography involves the separation of substances of a mixture over a 0. Answer: A chromatogram is a visible record (such as a graph) demonstrating the outcome of separating the components of a mixture using chromatography. Chromatography is a method by which a mixture is separated by distributing its components between two phases. Formulas: R f (Rate of Flow): distance a sample moves/overall distance the solvent travels Table 3 (R f of Solvent) Solvent Solvent Front Red No. S. The main principle that allows chromatography to The Separation of a Dye Mixture Using Chromatography Inquiry Lab Kit for AP® Chemistry examines factors affecting the separation of dyes by using paper chromatography to find a solvent with maximum resolution of a mixture of dyes. 5 dye solutions into one beaker. Answer: a) Stationary Phase: It is the phase through which the mobile phase passes. 40, Blue No. Chromatography refers to a group of methods used as a way of separating mixtures of compounds into their individual components. with a pencil and ruler, draw a line across the width of chromatography paper strip about 1. Ink can be separated by a method called ________________. 1: General Description of Chromatography is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. Prepare the stationary phase: This is the chromatography paper – about 10 x 20 cm. Calculate the Rf for each pure FD&C dye, using Equation 2. 1 and Yellow No. The mixture to be separated is “spotted” onto the surface of the paper and a solvent is All liquid chromatography systems consist of six basic components (Figure 2); (1) a separation column, consisting normally of a fine, granular solid packed in a column; (2) a solvent, the mobile phase that washes along the column; (3) an injection system, needed to place the sample mixture on the column; (4) a pump, or solvent delivery system, that forces the solvent through the column; (5) a Discuss prelab questions. Opportunities for Inquiry The separation of a mixture through liquid chromatography is an experiment that ties together principles and concepts from several “big ideas” in chemistry including polarity, molecular structure, and intermolecular forces. The student determines that the dye traveled 3. Using a clean toothpick for each dye sample, spot the chromatography paper by putting Answers To Separation Of A Dye Mixture Using Chromatography answers-to-separation-of-a-dye-mixture-using-chromatography 3 Downloaded from preview. Draw an example chromatogram showing the separation of a mixture of these three IN7661 121613 Catalog No. org on 2022-04-29 by guest programs. Trying different solutions with a range of polarities as the mobile phase is helpful for identifying the solution that results in the greatest difference in retention separation-of-dye-mixture-using-chromatography-flinn 3 Downloaded from gws. Separation of a Dye Mixture Using Chromatography AP* Chemistry Big Idea 2, Investigation 5 An Advanced Inquiry Lab Introduction The entire palette of artificial food colors is derived from just seven dyes certified by the FDA for use in food, drugs, and cosmetics. AP Chemistry, Period 1 + 2 Allison Detmer Separation of a Dye Mixture Using Chromatography Abstract In this lab, unknown food dye mixtures were tested using chromatography, then the dyes used were identified by comparing with the results of known dyes. . A-solvent front; B-stationary phase; C-mobile phase 2. After separation, the paper chromatogram could be cut into pieces, and the piece containing only one dye can be placed in a solvent that will remove them from the paper • AP7661, Separation of a Dye Mixture Using Chromatography (Investigation 5) • AP7664, Qualitative Analysis and Chemical Bonding (Investigation 6) Big Idea 3—Chemical Reactions Changes in matter involve the rearrangement and/or reorganization of atoms and/or the transfer of electrons. As molecules transfer from a gaseous state to a solid state, their attractive forces with other molecules weaker because their own molecules build stronger forces with themselves, leaving less room for attraction with other molecules. AP Chemistry Review Questions Integrating Content, Inquiry and Reasoning. chromatography solvent. Insert a capillary tube into the concentrated grape Kool-Aid® solution. The authors describe all steps of the analytical procedure, beginning with the basics and Separation Of A Dye Mixture Using Chromatography Lab Answers Elaine Nam,Melissa Hill,Jack Randall Research in Education ,1969 Resources in Education ,1969-07 Heath Chemistry ,1996 Herbal Drugs and Fingerprints Devi Datt Joshi,2012-11-02 Evidence based herbal drugs are on hi-acceptance day by day Chromatography is used to separate substances and provide information to help identify them. 35. The investigation begins with a baseline activity comparing the separation or resolution of three FD&C dyes, Red No. Box 219 Batavia, IL 60510 Separation of a Dye Mixture Using Chromatography | Flinn Scientific Question: Lab 6 - AP Lab 5: Separation of a Dye Mixture using Paper Chromatography Introduction Background The Food and Drug Administration had approved just seven artificial food colors for use in food, drugs and cosmetics. Jan 2, 2023 · Topic: 3. AP* Chemistry Big Idea 2, Investigation 5 Separation of a Dye Mixture Using Chromatography Separation of a Dye Mixture Using Chromatography 61 Introduction The entire palette of artificial food colors is derived from just seven dyes certified by the FDA for use in food, drugs, and cosmetics. What intermolecular forces would this solvent form with health and it allows the chromatograph to elute with a constant concentration of eluting solution. 1. chromatography is an example of a more general type of chromatography called adsorption chromatography. Measure 2 cm from one edge for the first dot and then add a dot every 2 cm across the line. Label the dots (see Figure 3). Guided Inquiry: Write a step-by-step procedure for separating the dyes using paper chromatography. In most cases, it is a solid phase or a layer of liquid that has been adsorbed onto the surface of the concrete. In this Answers To Separation Of Dye Mixture Using Chromatography Flinn Tobacco or Health? Knut-Olaf Haustein. a mixture is separated by distributing its components between two phases. Repeat step 5 using a new toothpick each time, using the sample dye mixture #2 on a second strip and the unknown dye mixture on the third strip. a laboratory technique used for the separation of dyes and pigments. The properties of three hydrocarb . Prepare a 500 mL of 2% sodium chloride This will allow the strip to hang on the lip of the flask. 2. Sample A has a greater affinity for the solvent front while sample B has a greater affinity for the paper Procedure: 1. They have the ability to inspire, provoke, and ignite change. Methane Octane Eicosane CH4 C8H18 CH3(CH2)18CH 3 Natural gas Gasoline Lubricant (grease) Gas, bp –161 °C Liquid, bp 126 °C For the complete list of answers to the Unit 6 review questions: click here Week of June 1, 2015 Due Thur. Evaluate which solvent is the one with the best “green chemistry” rating (using the reference in the background section). Separation of a Dye Mixture Using Chromatography continued Answers to AP Chemistry Review Questions Integrating Content, inquiry and Reasoning 1. Catalog No. Fluorescein was Laboratory Investigation Grouped by Chapter Chapter 1 Lab Lab Safety review Guided Inquiry : Separation of a Dye Mixture Using Chromatography: Flinn Investigation 5 2 Density of pure liquids and solutions: James Hall #3 Concepts: use density to identify solids liquids and solutions. Many times, a chemist will need to separate these solutions, especially after a chemical reaction has taken place. The Retention factor is found using the following calculation: Rf = distance travelled by substance ÷ distance travelled by solvent. Jan 20, 2022 · 2 Dye Mixture Separation Lab Purpose and/or Guiding Questions The purpose of this lab is “to investigate the factors that influence the separation of food dyes using paper chromatography” (Flinn Sci, 2018) and to also determine the solvent that will give the most separation. 5 cm from the bottom of the chromatography strip and draw a line across the paper with a pencil. Steps c-e are equilibrium steps and constantly repeated. The procedure needs to be clear enough that someone else could repeat the experiment and get the same results. To the empty beaker, add a few milliliters of the appropriate solvent to each beaker. The stationary phase remains fixed in place while the mobile phase carries the components of the mixture through the medium being used. 047 atm. Rf Rate of flow; refers to the ratio of distance a solvent travels on the chromatography paper to the distance traveled by the solvent. The components have different solubilities in a given solvent (e. 6 min read • january 2, 2023. Question: Separation of a Dye Mixture Using Chromatography Lab Experiment-Part 2 Independent Experiment For this activity that you will conduct in the laboratory, you will need to design an experiment to identify the dyes present in provided dye mixtures and in a commercial food product (candies or soft drink mix). Handle the top (long) edge only and place the paper onto a clean sheet of binder paper or paper towel, not on the lab bench. Prior to using this method, the mixture should only contain one liquid Answers To Separation Of A Dye Mixture Using Chromatography answers-to-separation-of-a-dye-mixture-using-chromatography 2 Downloaded from preview. Already have an account? Separation of a Dye Mixture Using Chromatography quiz for 12th grade students. Draw a picture of how the chromatography worked. Exactly 1 cm above the pencil line. org on 2020-03-30 by guest unique focus here is on quantitative analysis. Those dyes/inks are mixed together in some sort of solvent. Acidic pH can cause the resin to lose the immobilized metal ions because metal chelation is accomplished by carboxylic acid Separation of a Dye Mixture Using Chromatography continued Separation of a Dye Mixture Using Chromatography 65 AP Chemistry Review Questions Integrating Content, Inquiry and Reasoning 1. Where should he place the samples of plant extract? On the pencil line. Tentative identification of the components can be achieved by comparing the unknown mixture a carefully prepared known mixture: if a known component has the same retention time as an unknown component under the same conditions, it is Mashoor Al Ahammed Ap Chem Dr. O. trilliumtransit. The Rf value will always lie between 0 and 1; the closer it is to 1, the more soluble is that component in the solvent. When dealing with solutions, you will have a solute (or multiple solutes) dissolved in a solvent. 4. In Mar 2, 2024 · The questions we need are: Guided-Inquiry Design and Operation questions 1 - 4 and 7, as fine how AP Chemistry Review Questions 1 and 2. Answers To Separation Of A Dye Mixture Using Chromatography Answers To Separation Of A Dye Mixture Using Chromatography Book Review: Unveiling the Power of Words In a global driven by information and connectivity, the energy of words has become more evident than ever. Record your measurements of the solvent displacement the distance the standard dye traveled, and the Rt value for the 2% % opropyl chromatograph in the Use one In the Separation of a Dye Mixture Using Chromatography Inquiry Lab Solution for AP ® Chemistry, students examine factors affecting the separation of dyes by using paper chromatography to find a solvent with maximum resolution of a mixture of dyes. In this case, a mixture of inks adsorbed on a porous paper is separated by ascending through the capillaries in the paper. 5-8) is preferred. Obtain the seven pure dye solutions and an “unknown” food dye mixture. separate the coloured inks that were used to make black ink) The substances can be identified by the distance they travel across a sheet of chromatography paper. The two spots mean that it is the mixture of the dye which separated into more colors on the chromatography paper. 2000 Cengage Chemistry; Chemistry questions and answers; Lab 12 Paper Chromatography – Separation of Mixtures Many pens and markers contain a mixture of dyes and/or inks. After letting the dye dry, you may want to repeat the application Paper Chromatography Chemistry Questions with Solutions. 1% NaCl solution into three beakers. Experiment 6 Paper Chromatography: Separation of Dyes (10 pts) Introduction to Chromatography Chromatography is a technique often used by chemists to separate and identify components of a mixture. Alright, so its week 1 of AP Chemistry and we've been given a lab with questions way over our heads and I'm lost. A collective term for a set of laboratory techniques for the separation of mixtures, mainly solutions. Dalia Savy. Polymers in Medicine and Surgery Richard Kronenthal. Enter maps-cherriots-org. Paper Chromatography is a separatory technique that is used to separate_____ (a) Simple mixtures (b) Complex mixtures (c) Viscous mixtures (d) Metals. Rf B= 2. Chromatography Lab One Day Procedure with Unknown They use the same chromatography paper and mobile phase that you did. 5 g to separate beaker with 100 mL of distilled water. How can these FD&C dyes be identified in a mixture? Paper chromatography is used to separate a mixture of liquids that have different intermolecular interactions in a given solvent (e. For IMAC resin, a mildly basic pH (e. Below the pencil line in the solvent. 75, (b) 1. P. Study Material Based On NCERT Science Class - IX Dr. 10% sodium chloride (table salt), and 3) rubbing alcohol (70% isopropyl alcohol and 30% water). Paper chromatography is appropriate to use to determine the number of components, because it can be used to separate very small quantities of a mixture into its components. 3. Return to your station and pour 20mL of the solution into each of your Erlenmeyer flasks. Using the same ruler and pencil, draw eight small dots. Using the Rf values you determined for Red #3 and Red #40: b. The successful separation of the components of a mixture using column chromatography then is based on two factors: the absorptivity of the component to the stationary phase and the solubility of the component in the mobile phase. The book advocates growth in using planar chromatography–mass Sep 22, 2021 · Figure 1: A typical column chromatography experiment demonstrates the separation of a two-component mixture. However, not all of the coloring agents were harmless and some were being used to hide inferior or defective foods. 9 Separation of Solutions and Mixtures Chromatography. 5 3. essay. The process of using paper and water to separate substances of varying polarity from mixtures. Separation of a Dye Mixture Using Chromatography Prelab Questions: 1. The ability to separate the different compounds in a mixture using this technique depends upon how differently the compounds of the sample mixture partition themselves between the two solvents. 5, using two solvents. separation-of-dye-mixture-using-chromatography-flinn 3 Downloaded from gws. 1: A General Description of Chromatography. ala. Evaporation is a technique used to separate out homogeneous mixtures that contain one or more dissolved salts. 9. Materials FD & C food dye mixtures , 1 mL Chromatography paper strips Isopropyl alcohol solution , 2 % , 60mL Erlenmeyer flasks , 250-mL , 2 Sodium Chloride solution , 2 % , 60mL Graduated cylinder , 25-mL Water , distilled or deionized Toothpicks Beaker , 50-mL Wash Bottle Beakers , 100-mL , 2 Watch Glasses , 2 3 Safety Note Blue Dye 1 MSDS has been explored in our previous lab . Chromatography. Q2. 5. 822 atm (total vapor pressure) - 0. How can these FD&C dyes be identified in a mixture? A student investigates various dyes using paper chromatography. Chromatography cannot be used to purify volatile substances. And generaliza tions are also more satisfying to the mind than details. Jan 10, 2020 · Separation of two peaks with resolution values of (a) 0. neurosynth. Matter In Our Surrounding, 2. The Rf value is a ratio and therefore has no units. Throughout the lab the following questions were ask. It has two differently charged ions 4. Q1. Frias 11/9/2018 Separation of a Dye Mixture Using Chromatography Background: By 1900, many foods, drugs, and cosmetics available in the U. Calculate the Rf value for Red #15. org on 2023-05-11 by guest forensic and food analysis, including more difficult substances such as carbohydrates and lipids. Questions and model answers on 3. Enter the realm of "Answers To Separation Of A Dye Mixture Using Chromatography," a mesmerizing literary masterpiece penned with a distinguished author, guiding readers on a profound journey to unravel the secrets and potential hidden within 1 1 mark. In chromatography we pass a sample-free phase, which we call the mobile phase, over a second sample-free stationary phase that remains fixed in space. R f =2. Q-1: Define the following: a) Stationary Phase. Kanya Shah. 5. Prepare individual dye solutions of 0. 2013-03-08 The past decade has witnessed a vigorous growth in activities toward the development of a variety of biomedical devices ranging from the simple A-V shunt to the Liquid-liquid extraction is a method used for the separation of a mixture using two immiscible solvents. 0 and (c) 1. In this Chromatography is an important analytical tool used to separate the components of a mixture. , 6/4: Lab notebook write-up for Applications of Le Chatelier's Principle Lab; Lab notebook write-up for Separation of a Dye Mixture Using Chromatography Lab (complete Rf analysis and AP Chemistry Review Questions) In gas chromatography, what relationship is there between Rf values and boiling point of the solute? inverse. The Separation of a Dye Mixture Using Chromatography Inquiry Lab Kit for AP® Chemistry examines factors affecting the separation of dyes by using paper chromatography to find a solvent with maximum resolution of a mixture of dyes. This line will be the starting point or origin for each applied sample. 6. 6 cm = 0. The stronger the interaction with the solvent AP Chemistry Review Questions 1. Mar 1, 2024 · Separation of a Dye Mixture Using Chromatography. dv mo ku os zs dh im cg hs rk